Biology 2015

 1. The gross primary productivity of a plant indicates the biomass produced by producers through photosynthesis during a specific time. Based on the gross primary productivity value, the value of... 

A. net primary productivity, if the amount of sunlight energy received by the plant is known. B. net primary productivity, if the rate of photosynthesis is known. C. net primary productivity, if the plant growth rate is known. D. net primary productivity, if the respiration rate is known. E. net primary productivity, if the amount of energy stored by the plant is known. 

2. Gene therapy is a therapeutic technique used to correct mutant genes responsible for a disease. Which is not a gene therapy approach currently developing in the biomedical field? 

A. eliminating an abnormal gene with a normal gene through homologous recombination. B. performing random reverse mutations so that the abnormal gene can function normally again. C. inserting a specific normal gene into cells containing the mutant gene. D. treating a hereditary disease caused by a mutation in a gene. E. controlling the regulation of the expression of an abnormal gene so that it is not expressed. 

3. Look at the molecular structure above. The part containing purines and pyrimidines is... 

A. A and B 

B. B and C 

C. A 

D. B 

E. C 

4. (1) (2) (3) (4) Look at the image above. The animal that has a triploblastic body layer is number... A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 4 D. 1 and 4 E. only 2 

5. Lichen is a form of mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and photosynthetic unicellular algae. The characteristics of lichens include the following, except... A. Fungi form bodies, protect, and obtain materials from their symbionts. B. Lichens can survive in extreme environments (pioneer organisms). C. Some species are tolerant to pollution and are used as bioindicators of air quality. D. In extreme environments, based on the food chain, lichens act as primary producers. E. Approximately 40% of Ascnyces species are lichens. 

6. The zigzag movement of particles that make up colloidal solutions in the cytoplasm is known as... A. Tyndall effect. B. circulatory motion. C. cyclosis. D. rotational motion. E. Brownian motion.

7. The embryo sac in flowering plants, after the haloid megaspore cell divides mitotically three times, is multicellular. CAUSE The embryo sac in plants contains 8 female gametophyte cells, consisting of 3 antipodal cells, 2 sinegrid cells, 2 polar nuclear cells, and 1 egg cell. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is correct, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is correct, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is incorrect. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is correct. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are incorrect. 

8. Rod cells in the mammalian retina are fewer in number than cone cells. CAUSE Rod cells function as photoreceptors for colored light. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false. 

9. Gram-negative bacteria have a thick cell wall. CAUSE The cell wall of bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false. 

10. The process of concentrating urine in the renal tubules is carried out by... (1) stimulating osmotic receptors in the hypothalamus. (2) increasing the permeability of the collecting tubules to water. (3) stimulating receptors in the arteries and veins. (4) increasing Na+ ion secretion in the distal tubules. A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 4 D. 4 E. 1, 2, 3, 4 

11. Natural selection in peacocks shows that males with large tails are more adaptive than others. This is because the individual... (1) lives longer than other males (2) is healthier than other males (3) has an easier time dealing with natural enemies (4) is more successful in reproducing than other males A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 4 D. 4 E. 1, 2, 3, 4 

12. Gymnosperms are a group of plants that usually... (1) have softwoods (2) have needles and remain green all year round (3) examples are pine, cedar, spruce, fir (4) some species have special channels for transporting other secondary metabolites A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 4 D. 4 E. 1, 2, 3, 4