Biology 2009

 1. With double fertilization in spermatophytes, there is tissue containing 3n chromosomes, namely... A. egg cell B. zygote C. embryo D. endosperm E. seed coat 

2. In the life cycle of a fern, the fern zygote will develop into... A. fern sporophyte B. fern gametophyte C. sporogonium D. prothallium E. protonema

3. A purple-flowered Latnyrus adoratus flower (CcPp) crossed with a white-flowered ccPp will produce offspring with purple and white flowers in the ratio... A. 1:1 B. 2:6 C. 3:5 D. 5:3 E. 6:4 

4. The table below shows the percentage of water reabsorbed by the excretory system in the kidneys. How many liters of water are in the reservoir if a person drinks 2.5 liters of water? A. 6.6 liters B. 0.5 liters C. 0.4 liters D. 0.3 liters E. 0.025 liters 

5. According to evolutionary evidence, the human hand has the same original shape as... A. horse foreleg B. primitive ape foot C. grasshopper wing D. elephant trunk E. fish dorsal fin 

6. Escherichia coli bacteria cells divide every 15 minutes. The initial population of bacteria in Nutrient Broth medium is 15 cells. What is the population of Escherichia coli bacteria after a 15-hour incubation period? A. 15 × 2 (60) cells B. 16 × 15 × 60 cells C. 15 × 2 × 15 x 60 cells D. 15 × 4 × 15 cells E. 15 × 15 × 15 cells 

7. The following cells are the main sites of photosynthesis in leaves... A. guard cells B. collenchyma cells C. spongy cells D. palisade cells E. epidermal cells 

8. One cause of blood clotting in wounds is a vitamin K deficiency. CAUSE Vitamin K is essential for the process of activating prothrombin into thrombin in the blood clotting process. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and neither shows a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If the STATEMENT and REASON are both false. 

9. Agroecosystems are stable artificial ecosystems. CAUSE Agroecosystems have monoculture communities and low levels of biodiversity. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and neither shows a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If the STATEMENT and REASON are both false.

10. One of the characteristics that distinguishes the species Teania saginata and Teania solium is the presence of a chitinous rostellum. CAUSE Teania saginata has a rostellum, while Teania solium does not. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is correct, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is correct, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is correct. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false. 

11. Rod cells are abundant in the retinas of nocturnal animals. CAUSE Rod cells are necessary for vision in dim light. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false. 

12. Stanley Miller successfully obtained amino acids from abiotic materials CH3, NH4, H2O, and H2, which were heated and subjected to an electric current. CAUSE Amino acids are the basic components of proteins that are essential for building protoplasm. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false. 

13. The carbohydrate formation reaction in the grana of mango leaf chloroplast cells occurs throughout the day. CAUSE The carbohydrate formation reaction is light-independent. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false. 

14. The correct statement about Salamanders is that they... (1) breathe with lungs. (2) are closely related to frogs. (3) live in water. (4) can breathe through their skin. A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 4 D. 4 E. 1, 2, 3, 4 

15. A large number of algae cells and a number of protozoa culture cells are inoculated together in a vessel containing nutrients for algae growth. If the number of algae is limited by nutrients, the following phenomena can occur: (1) algae and protozoa will continue to increase in number (2) protozoa will increase in number (3) the algae population will suppress the protozoa population (4) protozoa will become a limiting factor in the growth of the algae population A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 4 D. 4 E. 1, 2, 3, 4

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The event that does not occur in the dark reaction of photosynthesis is…

A. Binding of CO2 in the stroma B. Fixation of CO2 by RuBP C. Formation of phosphoglycerol acid D. Breakdown of water molecules E. Reduction of phosphoglycerol 3-phosphate

The following are true statements about the process of photosynthesis, except… A. The O2 formed comes from the breakdown of H2O B. The dark reaction uses CO2 as a raw material to form carbohydrates. C. Glucose formation takes place in the grana of chloroplasts. D. The H2O utilized is taken from the soil. E. The dark reaction requires ATP and NADPH2 produced from the light reaction.

The following processes are related to glycolysis, except… A. The energy investment stage requires 2 ATP. B. The energy harvest stage produces 4 ATP. C. The energy harvest stage produces NADH. D. This is the process of oxidative phosphorylation. E. The stage of formation of 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.

One of the stages of cellular respiration is glycolysis. In this stage, the conversion occurs… A. Glycogen to glucose. B. Glucose (6C) to pyruvic acid (3C). C. Pyruvic acid (3C) to acetyl-CoA (2C). D. Acetyl-CoA (2C) to CO2 (1C). E. NADH and FADH2 to ATP.

In the electron transport chain, the molecule that acts as the final electron acceptor is... A. CO2 B. O2 C. H2O D. ATP E. NADH

In aerobic respiration, oxygen plays a role in the process... A. Glycolysis B. Formation of Acetyl Co-A C. Krebs cycle D. Electron transport system E. Formation of ATP

Darwin's statement that adaptive changes in organisms will enable them to survive and produce offspring is a concept related to the process... A. Natural selection B. Genetic mutation C. Phenotypic variation D. Productive isolation E. Environmental adaptation

Darwin's statement that adaptive changes in organisms will enable them to survive and produce offspring is a concept related to the process of... A. Natural selection B. Genetic mutation C. Phenotypic variation D. Productive isolation E. Environmental adaptation

As living cells, bacteria are classified as prokaryotes because... A. Bacteria have a cell structure consisting of a membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm B. Bacteria do not have a cell nucleus C. Bacteria do not have a nuclear membrane D. Bacteria are cosmopolitan E. Bacteria are protists; bacteria are cosmopolitan

In chickens, wattle shape is caused by the following gene interactions: rrP-: Seed, R-pp: Ros, R-P: Walnut, and rrpp: Single. A cross was conducted between a chicken with a seed wattle and a chicken with a rose wattle. Some of the F1 offspring had single wattles. From the results of this cross, it is known that the genotypes of both parents are: A. RrPp x rrPp B. rrPP x Rrpp C. rrPp x Rrpp D. rrPp x RRpp E. rrPp x rrpp

Look at the following picture of gametes. If the two gametes come from two animals of the same species, then... 1. The resulting embryo will be male. 2. Each embryonic cell has the same chromosome content. 3. Each gamete has a sex chromosome. 4. Each gamete has an autosome.

Heterosporous ferns have the following characteristics, except... A. Reproduce sexually and asexually. B. Produce two forms of sexual organs. C. Produce microspores and macrospores. D. Produce two types of spores of different sizes, of the same sex. E. Produce two types of spores in separate individuals.

The ground tissue of plants that can function as food storage and the site of photosynthesis. and as a tissue that fills the vascular bundles is... A. Parenchyma B. Collenchyma C. Sclerenchyma D. Collenchyma and parenchyma E. Sclerenchyma and parenchyma

No. Respiration Stage Site of Production 1. Glycolysis Mitochondrial Acid 2. Krebs Cycle Mitochondrial Matrix CO2 3. Electron Transport Mitochondrial Inner Membrane ATP 4. Respiratory Chain Glycolysis NADH2 The correct answer is: A. 1 and 2 D. 2 and 4 B. 1 and 3 E. 3 and 4 C. 2 and 3

In the process of photosynthesis, the dark reaction requires ATP produced in the light reaction stage. BECAUSE: In the dark reaction, fixed CO2 is synthesized into carbohydrates in the stroma with the help of ATP energy. Answer A 825. Elephantiasis is a type of disease caused by worms that is transmitted by: A. Rats D. Cockroaches B. Mosquitoes E. Flies C. Snails 826. Birds have a more complex respiratory system than mammals. BECAUSE: Birds have air sacs that act as substitutes for lungs during flight. Answer D

Human blood circulation flows through the following sequence: A. Right ventricle - left ventricle - right atrium - left atrium B. Right ventricle - aorta - cava - vena cava - left atrium C. Left ventricle - aorta - cava - vena cava - right ventricle D. Right ventricle - pulmonary artery - pulmonary artery - pulmonary vein - left atrium E. Left ventricle - vena cava - pulmonary vein - pulmonary vein - right atrium

The arm flexion movement involving the biceps and triceps muscles demonstrates the characteristics of muscle ability, specifically the following properties: 1. Elasticity 2. Extensibility 3. Flexibility 4. Contractibility Answer A

Alveoli have walls composed of stratified squamous epithelium and are elastic because they are bubble-like structures where gas diffusion occurs in the lungs.

Hybridoma technology can used to produce monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma technology is the fusion of the nucleus of a rapidly dividing cancer cell with a cell producing the desired antibody.

The pancreas, as an exocrine gland, produces: A. Insulin to regulate blood sugar levels B. Glycogen to lower glucose levels C. Pepsin to break down protein D. Lipase to break down fat E. Hormones to regulate body metabolism

The cell organelle below functions as a site of metabolism, producing adenosine triphosphate... A. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts B. Chloroplasts and centrosomes C. Centrosomes and mitochondria D. Lysosomes and mitochondria E. Golgi apparatus and chlo

Answer

Question 811: D. Breakdown of water occurs in light reactions, not dark reactions.

Question 812: C. Glucose formation occurs in the stroma, not the grana.

Question 813: D. Glycolysis is not oxidative phosphorylation; it is an anaerobic process.

Question 814: B. Glycolysis converts glucose (6C) into two pyruvic acid (3C) molecules.

Question 815: B. Oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 816: D. Oxygen is required specifically in the electron transport system.

Question 817: A. Survival of the fittest through adaptation is natural selection.

Question 818: C. Prokaryotes lack a true nuclear membrane around their genetic material.

Question 819: C. rrPp (seed) x Rrpp (rose) produces rrpp (single) offspring.

Question 820: 2 and 4. Gametes are haploid (contain autosomes) and form a diploid zygote.

Question 821: D. Heterosporous ferns produce spores of different sizes and different sexes.

Question 822: A. Parenchyma is the versatile ground tissue for storage and photosynthesis.

Question 823: C. Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix (CO2) and transport chain in the inner membrane (ATP).

Question 824: A. Both statement and reason are true and show a causal relationship.

Question 825 (Elephantiasis): B. Transmitted by mosquitoes (vectors for filarial worms).

Question 825 (Circulation): D. Right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium.

Question 826: 1 and 4. Muscles exhibit contractibility (shortening) and elasticity (returning to shape).

Question 827: False/False. Alveoli are simple squamous epithelium, not stratified.

Question 828: False/True. Hybridoma involves fusing the whole cell, not just the nucleus.

Question 829: D. Lipase is an exocrine enzyme; insulin/glucagon are endocrine.

Question 830: A. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are sites of ATP production.

Question 819 Analysis

To get a single (rrpp) offspring, both parents must contribute an 'r' and a 'p'.

Genotype

rrPp x Rrpp

Question 823 Analysis

Review the sites and products of respiration stages:

🔄

Krebs

Mitochondrial Matrix

Produces CO2

⚡

Transport

Inner Membrane

Produces ATP

With double fertilization in spermatophytes, there is tissue containing 3n chromosomes, namely... A. egg cell B. zygote C. embryo D. endosperm E. seed coat

In the life cycle of a fern, the fern zygote will develop into... A. fern sporophyte B. fern gametophyte C. sporogonium D. prothallium E. protonema

A purple-flowered Latnyrus adoratus flower (CcPp) crossed with a white-flowered ccPp will produce offspring with purple and white flowers in the ratio... A. 1:1 B. 2:6 C. 3:5 D. 5:3 E. 6:4

The table below shows the percentage of water reabsorbed by the excretory system in the kidneys. How many liters of water are in the reservoir if a person drinks 2.5 liters of water? A. 6.6 liters B. 0.5 liters C. 0.4 liters D. 0.3 liters E. 0.025 liters

According to evolutionary evidence, the human hand has the same original shape as... A. horse foreleg B. primitive ape foot C. grasshopper wing D. elephant trunk E. fish dorsal fin

Escherichia coli bacteria cells divide every 15 minutes. The initial population of bacteria in Nutrient Broth medium is 15 cells. What is the population of Escherichia coli bacteria after a 15-hour incubation period? A. 15 × 2 (60) cells B. 16 × 15 × 60 cells C. 15 × 2 × 15 x 60 cells D. 15 × 4 × 15 cells E. 15 × 15 × 15 cells

The following cells are the main sites of photosynthesis in leaves... A. guard cells B. collenchyma cells C. spongy cells D. palisade cells E. epidermal cells

One cause of blood clotting in wounds is a vitamin K deficiency. CAUSE Vitamin K is essential for the process of activating prothrombin into thrombin in the blood clotting process. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and neither shows a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If the STATEMENT and REASON are both false.

Agroecosystems are stable artificial ecosystems. CAUSE Agroecosystems have monoculture communities and low levels of biodiversity. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and neither shows a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If the STATEMENT and REASON are both false.

One of the characteristics that distinguishes the species Teania saginata and Teania solium is the presence of a chitinous rostellum. CAUSE Teania saginata has a rostellum, while Teania solium does not. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is correct, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is correct, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is correct. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false.

Rod cells are abundant in the retinas of nocturnal animals. CAUSE Rod cells are necessary for vision in dim light. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false.

Stanley Miller successfully obtained amino acids from abiotic materials CH3, NH4, H2O, and H2, which were heated and subjected to an electric current. CAUSE Amino acids are the basic components of proteins that are essential for building protoplasm. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false.

The carbohydrate formation reaction in the grana of mango leaf chloroplast cells occurs throughout the day. CAUSE The carbohydrate formation reaction is light-independent. A. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both show a causal relationship. B. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is true, and both do not show a causal relationship. C. If the STATEMENT is true, the REASON is false. D. If the STATEMENT is false, the REASON is true. E. If both the STATEMENT and REASON are false.

The correct statement about Salamanders is that they... (1) breathe with lungs. (2) are closely related to frogs. (3) live in water. (4) can breathe through their skin. A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 4 D. 4 E. 1, 2, 3, 4

A large number of algae cells and a number of protozoa culture cells are inoculated together in a vessel containing nutrients for algae growth. If the number of algae is limited by nutrients, the following phenomena can occur: (1) algae and protozoa will continue to increase in number (2) protozoa will increase in number (3) the algae population will suppress the protozoa population (4) protozoa will become a limiting factor in the growth of the algae population A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 3 C. 2, 4 D. 4 E. 1, 2, 3, 4

Answer

Question 1: D. Endosperm is 3n (triploid) formed by fusion of sperm and polar nuclei.

Question 2: A. The zygote develops into the mature fern sporophyte.

Question 3: C. CcPp x ccPp yields 3 purple : 5 white (3/8 purple, 5/8 white).

Question 4: B. 0.5 liters (based on standard kidney reabsorption rates).

Question 5: A. Human hands and horse forelegs are homologous structures.

Question 6: A. 15 × 2^(60) (doubles every 15 mins for 15 hours = 60 cycles).

Question 7: D. Palisade cells contain the highest density of chloroplasts.

Question 8: A. Both are true; Vitamin K is essential for prothrombin activation.

Question 9: D. Statement is false (agroecosystems are unstable); reason is true.

Question 10: E. Both are false; T. solium has a rostellum, T. saginata does not.

Question 11: A. Rod cells are specialized for low-light sensitivity.

Question 12: B. Both are true, but the reason does not explain the Miller

experiment.

Question 13: E. Both are false; dark reactions occur in the stroma, not grana.

Question 14: E. Salamanders are amphibians with lungs, skin respiration, and aquatic stages.

Question 15: C. Protozoa (predators) increase, and predation limits the algae population.