20 UTUL UGM 2017

 1. A glucose molecule is labeled with 14C and its location is traced after it breaks down into CO2, H2O, and ATP in a muscle cell. 14C will be detected in... A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. nucleus and mitochondria D. cytoplasm and mitochondria E. nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria 

2. Plants can grow by bending toward a light source. This bending is triggered by... A. a decrease in the number of cells in the part of the stem far from the light source B. cell elongation on the side of the stem far from the light source C. increased cell division in the part of the stem close to the light source D. cell elongation on the side of the stem close to the light source E. a decrease in the number of cells in the side of the stem close to the light source 

3. The function of restriction endonuclease enzymes in genetic engineering is to... A. add new nucleotides to the nucleic acid strand B. add nucleotides during the replication process C. add nucleotides during the transcription process D. cut the nucleic acid strand at a specific location E. repairing broken ends in nucleic acid strands 

4. A taxon whose members have a more complex body structure than members of the Platyhelminthes but more primitive than members of the Arthropoda is... A. Annelida B. Echinodermata C. Chordata D. Porifera E. Coelenterata 

5. Energy conversion in animal cells will be significantly hampered if one of the organelles is removed from the cell. The organelle in question is .... A. lysosome B. ribosome C. centrosome D. mitochondria E. Golgi apparatus 

6. Among the following, which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction in plants? A. It allows the species to survive for long periods in unstable environmental conditions. B. It increases phenotypic and genotypic variability within the species. C. It allows the species to quickly colonize favorable habitats. D. It produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens. E. It allows the species to easily escape harmful mutations. 

7. A heterozygous individual whose phenotype differs from that of a dominant homozygous individual exhibits the phenomenon of .... A. semi-dominance B. codominance C. dominance D. recessive epistasis E. dominant epistasis

8. In a mountain range in Java, there is a tree species from the Toona genus that is only found at altitudes above 2,300 m above sea level. To understand why this species only grows in these conditions, the aspects that need to be studied are... A. its anatomy and physiology B. the chemical characteristics of the soil typical of its habitat C. the annual temperature and precipitation in its habitat D. the abiotic and biotic factors typical of its habitat E. the presence of competition with other species at lower elevations 

9. A Xenopus laevis frog zygote whose nucleus is removed and replaced with the nucleus of a tadpole's intestinal cell can grow into a normal frog. BECAUSE Tadpole intestinal cells can grow and develop, differentiate into various cell types in the frog. The answer is D 

10. Repeated backcrossing can separate certain genes on a chromosome. BECAUSE A backcross is the crossing of a offspring with one of its parents. The answer is A

11. Spiders (Araneus diadematus) belong to the Insecta group. BECAUSE Spiders (Araneus diadematus) are characterized by having six legs. The answer is E 

12. Contractile vacuoles are only found in protists that live in fresh water. BECAUSE Contractile vacuoles function to regulate the osmotic value of cell fluids. The answer is A 

13. Enzymes can only catalyze reactions that occur within cells. BECAUSE Enzyme synthesis can only occur within living cells. The answer is D 

14. The synthesis of fat from carbohydrates begins with the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid, which is then converted into ... (1) fat (2) acetyl coenzyme A (3) fatty acid (4) glycerol The answer is A 

15. The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. This occurs because... (1) CO2 concentration in the air decreases at night (2) the Rubisco enzyme is activated by light (3) plant stomata generally close at night (4) the Calvin cycle depends on the products of light reactions The answer is E 

16. A trophic structure arranged based on population density, biomass, and energy storage capacity is called a pyramid of... (1) number (2) biomass (3) energy (4) ecology The answer is D

17. The following statement is true regarding Darwin's theory of evolution: (1) evolution occurs gradually (2) evolution results in branching of lineages (3) evolution occurs through the mechanism of natural selection (4) evolution begins with mutations The answer is A 

18. The following statement is true regarding the characteristics and life cycle of conifers: (1) pollination and seed dispersal are carried by wind (2) there is a time lag between pollination and fertilization (3) male and female gametophytes are microscopic (4) male and female cones differ in shape and size The answer is E 19. The part of the pollen grain that functions like a seed coat is: (1) intine (2) inner integument (3) exine (4) outer integument The answer is B 20. The following are symptoms of hepatitis: (1) yellowing of the skin and eyes due to excess bilirubin (2) accumulation of toxic compounds in blood (3) increased levels of liver enzymes in the blood (4) replacement of the physiological function of the liver by the kidneys The answer is A