18 UTUL Biology 2018

 1. The fern Psilotum sp. is called a naked fern and is considered primitive because… A. Sporangia form strobili B. Sori are located on the surface of the leaves C. Has a wire-like stem D. Shield-shaped sporophylls E. Leaves are microphylls 

2. In an experiment aimed at measuring mRNA formation in animal cells grown in tissue culture, it is necessary to administer a radioactive nucleotide in the form of… A. adenine B. cytosine C. guanine D. thymine E. uracil 

3. In evolutionary studies, bat wings and whale flippers indicate divergent evolution. Based on this information, the following group of animals that share a common ancestor is… A. early protochordates B. early chordates C. early vertebrates D. early tetrapods E. early mammals 

4. A case of the detrimental impact of the introduction of rabbits to Australia more than 100 years ago is that rabbits became pests and their population increased rapidly, outcompeting the continent's native herbivorous species. This rapid increase in the rabbit population was caused by... A. rabbits are rodents that adapt easily to new environments B. there is no rabbit hunting activity in Australia C. an increase in the number of illegally introduced rabbits D. an increase in the number of herbivore competitors for rabbits E. there are few effective predators of rabbits in Australia 

5. If a stroke patient experiences paralysis in their left arm, but can still feel touch in that limb, it can be assumed that the damaged part of the nervous system is... A. efferent nerve B. afferent nerve C. intermediate nerve D. axon E. dendrites 

6. Damage to the following part of the brain that causes fish to lose their balance in water is... A. telencephalon B. diencephalon C. mesencephalon D. metencephalon E. myelencephalon 

7. The main difference between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria is the presence or absence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall. CAUSE Gram-positive bacteria have peptidoglycan covered by a layer of liposaccharide, while gram-negative bacteria only have liposaccharide. The answer is E 

8. In plants, collenchyma is the ground tissue and part of the parenchyma tissue that contains chlorophyll. CAUSE Part of the parenchyma tissue that contains chlorophyll functions as the site of photosynthesis. The answer is D 

9. A person who takes medication that can increase the pH in the stomach will have an impact on protein digestion. CAUSE Protein digestion that occurs in the stomach is catalyzed by the enzyme pepsin, which is active at an acidic pH range. The answer is A. 

10. The cambium in the graft wound must be removed so that the grafted roots can grow. REASON The roots of grafted seedlings do not grow and develop from the cambium. The answer is C.

11. Nutrient transport across the endodermis occurs apoplastically. REASON The root endodermis has a thickening that is impermeable to water and nutrients. The answer is D 

12. During organogenesis, vertebrate embryonic cells undergo changes in shape and position to form organs. REASON During organogenesis, the three embryonic layers interact and move to form organs. The answer is A 

13. During ovulation, an unfertilized human egg will not undergo anaphase II. REASON Anaphase II in a human egg will not occur without fertilization. The answer is A 

14. The following characteristics of Spirogyra are... (1) unbranched filaments (2) ribbon-shaped chloroplasts (3) chloroplasts have pyrenoids (4) spiral-shaped chloroplasts The answer is E 

15. The following pair shows the relationship between hormones or enzymes and their physiological effects: (1) thyroxine - increases metabolic rate (2) epinephrine - increases heart rate (3) vasopressin - stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys (4) insulin - decreases glycogen reserves in muscles The answer is A 

16. The process that occurs in double fertilization in angiosperms includes... (1) formation of a 2n zygote (2) formation of a 3n endosperm (3) fertilization of the ovum by the generative nucleus 1 (4) fertilization of the secondary embryo sac by the generative nucleus 2 The answer is E 

17. Calcium is an element that plays an important role in the body because it is needed in various metabolic processes, namely… (1) regulating nerve and muscle excitability (2) maintaining the integrity and permeability of cell membranes (3) maintaining a stable heart rate (4) playing a role in the blood clotting process The answer is B 

18. Increase in plant height is dominated by the results of the division and expansion of meristem cells… (1) apical (2) primary (3) intercalary (4) nodal The answer is A